Scratch
In 2003, the MIT Media Laboratory (PI Mitchel Resnick and co-PI John Maeda) and UCLA (co-PI Yasmin Kafai) proposed to develop and study Scratch, a networked and media-rich programming environment designed to enhance the development of technological fluency among children ages 8-18. Scratch allows youth to be no longer simply consumers of such media but producers as well, creating their own animations, art, and music in the process of learning the basic components of programming, such as conditionals and loops. Scratch is available free of charge at: www.scratch.mit.edu. Scratch won an NSF Award.
Contributors
John Maloney, Natalie Rusk, Kylie Peppler
Related Research
Fields, D. A., Vasudevan, V. & Kafai, Y. B. (2014). The Programmers’ Collective: Connecting Collaboration and Computation in a High School Scratch Mashup Coding Workshop. In Polman, J. L., Kyza, E. A., O'Neill, D. K., Tabak, I., Penuel, W. R., Jurow, A. S., O'Connor, K., Lee, T., and D'Amico, L. (Eds.), Learning and becoming in practice: The International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2014, Volume 1. Boulder, CO: International Society of the Learning Sciences, pp. 855-862. Link to PDF
Kafai, Y. B. & Peppler, K. A. (2011). Youth, Technology, and DIY: Developing Participatory Competencies in Creative Media Production. Review of Research in Education, 35, 89-119.
Kafai, Y. B., Fields, D. A., & Burke, W. Q (2010). Entering the Clubhouse: Case Studies of Young Programmers Joining the Scratch Community. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing, 22(2), 21-35. Link to free access
Resnick, M., Maloney, J., Hernández, A. M., Rusk, N., Eastmond, E., Brennan, K., Millner, A. D., Rosenbaum, E., Silver, J., Silverman, B., & Kafai, Y. B. (2009). Scratch: Programming for Everyone. Communications of the ACM, 52(11), 60-67. Link to PDF
Maloney, J., Peppler, K., Kafai, Y., Resnick, M., & Rusk, N. (2008). Programming by Choice. Urban Youth Learning Programming with Scratch. Paper presented at the SIGCSE 2008 Conference, Portland, Oregon. Link to PDF
Maloney, J., Mitchel, R., Natalie, R., Peppler, K., & Kafai, Y. (2008). Digital Media Designs with Scratch: What Urban Youth Can Learn about Programming in a Computer Clubhouse. In Kanselaar, G., Jonker, V., Kirschner, P. A., & Prins, F. J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference for the Learning Sciences, Volumes 3 (pp. 81-82). Utrecht, The Netherlands: International Society of the Learning Sciences. Link to PDF
Maloney, J., Mitchel, R., Natalie, R., Peppler, K., & Kafai, Y. (2008). Digital Media Designs with Scratch: What Urban Youth Can Learn about Programming in a Computer Clubhouse. In Kanselaar, G., Jonker, V., Kirschner, P. A., & Prins, F. J. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference for the Learning Sciences, Volumes 3 (pp. 81-82). Utrecht, The Netherlands: International Society of the Learning Sciences. Link to PDF
Peppler, K. & Kafai, Y.B. (2007). Collaboration, Computation, and Creativity: Media Arts Practices in Urban Youth Cultures. In C. Chinn, G. Erkins, and S. Puntambekar, (Eds.), Proceedings of the 7th Conference of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (pp. 586-588). New Brunswick, NJ: International Society of the Learning Sciences. Link to PDF